The Clock · updated Oct 8, 2026

How ready is your chain? Read the clock.

A Bunker Index out of 100 for each chain. The higher it is, the more urgent a bunker. Open any card to see the reasoning and the exact sentence from every source.

Bunker Index

Solana

100% keys exposed

0/100

Exposure 50/50
Plan 25/30
Clock 15/20

Why this score 8 sources

Keys exposed. Every address is its Ed25519 public key. 100% of keys are exposed the moment an account exists.

Plan. Foundation roadmap (2026-04-27) converges on Falcon without a date (a proposal, not a dated plan). SIMD-0461 closed in June 2026.

Readiness. QRI 24/100.

Solana Foundation, Solana's Quantum Readiness, 2026-04-27 Their research led them to a post-quantum scheme called Falcon, and both teams have built an initial implementation available on the Firedancer GitHub and the Anza GitHub. [...] Recap of the current quantum roadmap: Continue quantum research and keep evaluating Falcon, and its alternatives. If quantum becomes a credible threat, adopt a post-quantum scheme for new wallets. Migrate existing wallets to the chosen post-quantum scheme.read Oct 8, 2026
SIMD-0461, Falcon signature verification syscall (closed 2026-06-17) we are going to pause this effort [...] we do not want to move forward further until we seed more demands on this. closed for now. will reopen when there is more demand. (maintainer comment, 2026-06-17)read Oct 8, 2026
SIMD-0563, Keccak-p1600 syscall (closed 2026-07-27 in favour of SIMD-0579, still open) prefer #579 (closing comment, 2026-07-27). SIMD-0579: A proposal based off of #563, but better formalized and written more precisely.read Oct 8, 2026
SIMD-0296, Larger Transaction Size (4,096 bytes), merged 2025-12-17 SIMD-0296: Larger Transaction Size. Merged 2025-12-17. Proposal file: proposals/0296-larger-transactions.md, status: Review.read Oct 8, 2026
Quantum Readiness Index, Solana 24/100 (evaluated 2026-08-13) Solana scores 24/100 (Stage 2: Mitigation / Development).read Oct 8, 2026
Solana docs, Core concepts: Accounts Each account is identified by a unique 32-byte address (either an Ed25519 public key or a PDA).read Oct 8, 2026
Anza, Securing Solana Against a Powerful Quantum Adversary, 2026-04-27 A vault program could require post-quantum signatures before allowing funds to move, giving users a way to opt into stronger protection without waiting for a full protocol migration. [...] Vaults can protect assets that have already been moved into them; they cannot protect the broader account model. [...] Our updated estimate now assigns a 3–5% chance of a quantum computer capable of breaking ECDLP-256 within five years.read Oct 8, 2026
Jump Crypto, Quantum Migration Paths for Solana, 2026-04-27 Falcon is currently our leading candidate due to its relatively small signatures, but as we'll discuss below, each component could evolve independently, depending on its bandwidth and implementation constraints.read Oct 8, 2026

Bunker Index

Robinhood Chain

90% keys exposedestimate

0/100

Exposure 45/50
Plan 20/30
Clock 15/20

Why this score 2 sources

Keys exposed. Arbitrum-stack L2 (Robinhood docs: "Arbitrum Dedicated Blockchains"): same accounts and same secp256k1 keys as Ethereum, plus the chain's own admin keys.

Plan. Inherits Ethereum's plan. No chain-specific roadmap published.

Readiness. estimate 25/100 (our estimate).

Robinhood Chain docs, Built on Proven Technology Robinhood Chain is built on Arbitrum Dedicated Blockchains, a modular Layer-2 framework that combines Ethereum's security with high throughput and low transaction costs.read Oct 8, 2026
Ethereum Foundation Protocol cluster, Current and Emerging Priorities, 2026-09-07 (inherited plan) The EF Protocol cluster is aiming for Ethereum L1 to be quantum-resistant across all three layers (execution, consensus, and data) by December 2029.read Oct 8, 2026

Bunker Index

Ethereum

90% keys exposedestimate

0/100

Exposure 45/50
Plan 20/30
Clock 14/20

Why this score 4 sources

Keys exposed. Every address that ever sent a transaction has published its key. About 2.5M ETH sits behind 70 contracts with exposed admin keys.

Plan. Ethereum Foundation targets December 2029 for a quantum-resistant L1 (execution, consensus, data).

Readiness. estimate 30/100 (our estimate).

Ethereum Foundation Protocol cluster, Current and Emerging Priorities, 2026-09-07 The EF Protocol cluster is aiming for Ethereum L1 to be quantum-resistant across all three layers (execution, consensus, and data) by December 2029.read Oct 8, 2026
pq.ethereum.org, Post-Quantum Ethereum (EF research hub) Based on our team's current assessment, L1 protocol upgrades could be completed by 2029, with full execution-layer migration taking additional years beyond that.read Oct 8, 2026
Babbush, Zalcman, Gidney, Broughton, Khattar, Neven, Bergamaschi, Drake, Boneh: Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities, arXiv 2603.28846, 2026-03-30 At the time of writing, among the top 500 contract accounts by ETH balance, at least 70 accounts, with total holdings of about 2.5 million ETH, see Figure 9, are at risk of account takeover by a quantum attacker due to Admin Vulnerability. We expect that a private key derivation attack on these 70 Ethereum accounts using a fast-clock CRQC will take less than 15 hours.read Oct 8, 2026
Google Research, Safeguarding cryptocurrency by disclosing quantum vulnerabilities responsibly, 2026-03-31 These circuits can be executed on a superconducting qubit CRQC with fewer than 500,000 physical qubits in a few minutesread Oct 8, 2026

Bunker Index

Bitcoin

34% keys exposed

0/100

Exposure 17/50
Plan 25/30
Clock 16/20

Why this score 2 sources

Keys exposed. More than 34% of the supply sits behind exposed public keys (P2PK, reused P2PKH, Taproot).

Plan. BIP-361 (2026-03-01) proposes a migration path. No activation date.

Readiness. estimate 20/100 (our estimate).

BIP-361, Post Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset As of March 1, 2026, over 34% of all bitcoin have revealed a public key on-chainread Oct 8, 2026
Project Eleven, Bitcoin Risq List (live tracker of quantum-vulnerable BTC) The total is rendered client-side (the static page only shows "Crunching latest numbers..."), so the figure could not be quoted from the document. Project Eleven's methodology post describes a weekly automated scan of every quantum-vulnerable address and its balance.read Oct 8, 2026 · figure not in the page's static text

How the index is built

Exposure + Plan + Clock = 100.

Exposure · 50Share of keys whose public key is already on chain. On Solana the address is the key, so 100%.
Plan · 300 if post-quantum signatures already ship, 10 for a dated plan by 2028, 20 for a dated plan after 2028, 25 for a proposal without a date, 30 for no plan.
Clock · 20How far the chain is from ready, from the published Quantum Readiness Index when there is one, otherwise our estimate, marked as such.

Common clock for every chain: Google Quantum AI / Stanford / Ethereum Foundation, March 2026 (arXiv 2603.28846): breaking 256-bit elliptic-curve keys needs fewer than 500k physical qubits ↗. Refreshed every Monday.